{"id":2162,"date":"2020-10-21T11:26:04","date_gmt":"2020-10-21T09:26:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yellingstone.info\/?p=2162"},"modified":"2025-06-27T23:00:14","modified_gmt":"2025-06-27T21:00:14","slug":"%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3guthrie%e7%9a%84%e9%80%9a%e7%94%a8%e7%8f%ad%e5%9b%be%e8%af%ad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/yellingstone.info\/?p=2162","title":{"rendered":"\u7406\u89e3Guthrie\u7684\u901a\u7528\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6Malcolm Guthrie\u662f\u5b66\u79d1\u53f2\u4e0a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u5b66\u8005\uff0c1967-1971\u671f\u95f4\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u56db\u518c\u300a\u6bd4\u8f83\u73ed\u56fe\u5b66\u300b\u4e1b\u4e66\u5f71\u54cd\u6df1\u8fdc\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fd9\u5957\u4e66\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u4e3a\u5750\u6807\uff0c\u5f80\u524d\u770b\u5b83\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6Meinhof\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\uff1b\u5f80\u540e\u770b\u5b83\u7684\u201c\u73ed\u56fe\u6838\u5fc3\u533a\u5047\u8bf4\u201d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u7684\u53d1\u7965\u5730\u5728\u521a\u679c\u8d64\u9053\u96e8\u6797\u5357\u65b9\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e00\u5ea6\u6210\u4e3a\u79d1\u666e\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5784\u65ad\u88abOliver\/Ehret\/Vansina\u6539\u826f\u7684\u201c\u73ed\u56fe\u4eba\u6269\u5f20\u8bf4\u201d\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u7684Bantu expansion\uff09\u6162\u6162\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u800c\u4f5c\u54c1\u672c\u8eab\u6240\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u90ae\u653f\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u76f4\u6cbf\u7528\u81f3\u4eca\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u5957\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u90fd\u88ab\u4ee5\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\u5206\u4e3a\u5341\u591a\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\uff08zone\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u9644\u52a0\u4e0a\u7f16\u7801\u6307\u4ee3\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u897f\u8fb9\u5580\u9ea6\u9686Duala\u8bed\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3aA.20\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u7684\u7956\u9c81\u8bed\u548c\u79d1\u8428\u8bed\u5206\u522b\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3aS.42\u548cS.41\uff0c\u4e1c\u975e\u7684\u4ea4\u9645\u8bed\u8a00\u65af\u74e6\u5e0c\u91cc\u8bed\u7684\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3aG.42\u3002
\n<\/a>
\nGuthrie\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5728\u6700\u521d\u662f\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u975e\u6d32\u5f53\u4ee3\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u7406\u5f52\u7eb3\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u672c\u6765\u662f\u60f3\u5b8c\u5168\u6487\u5f00\u62df\u6784\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u3001\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53bb\u8ba8\u8bba\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u6700\u521d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u60f3\u53bb\u8ba8\u8bba\u6c11\u65cf\u8fc1\u5f99\u53f2\u3001\u4e0d\u53bb\u8ba8\u8bba\u8f97\u8f6c\u4e16\u4ee3\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u7ee7\u627f\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53bb\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e0d\u540c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e92\u76f8\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u8fc7\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e92\u76f8\u63a5\u89e6\u800c\u9020\u6210\u8bcd\u6c47\u501f\u7528\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u975e\u5e38\u79d1\u5b66\u5199\u5b9e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7528\u56db\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u2014\u2014\u539f\u6587\u7684\u884c\u6587\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u8bfb\u8005\u5f88\u4e0d\u53cb\u597d\u6240\u4ee5\u201c\u56db\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u201d\u662f\u6211\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\u2014\u2014\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u8bed\u8a00\u5404\u79cd\u8bcd\u6c47\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u6709\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u7b80\u5355\u6bd4\u8f83\u201d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u4e0b\u56fe\u91cc\uff0c\u5728\u4e94\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u4e94\u4e2a\u610f\u601d\u6240\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u81eaGuthrie1967:16\uff09
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7531\u610f\u601d\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u91cc\u53d1\u73b0\u524d\u4e09\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u91cc\u8bcd\u9996\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u53f7M.42\/G.42\/B.83\u5bf9\u5e94\u58f0\u97f3\u0283i\/zi\/di\u0327\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u81eaGuthrie1967:16\uff09
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u201c\u91cd\u73b0\u89c4\u5f8b\u201d\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u8bed\u8a00\u91cc\u6709\u65e0\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u53f7G.42\/F.21\/E.72a\u7684t\u0283\/si\u0332\/tsi\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5355\u8bcd\u91cc\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u91cd\u73b0\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u53d1\u73b0\u540c\u6837\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5728\u65af\u74e6\u5e0c\u91cc\u8bed\u91cc\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u201c\u6316\u201d\uff08to dig\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u201c\u5bb0\u201d\uff08to butcher\uff09
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u56db\u6b65\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u7cbe\u70bc\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u91cd\u73b0\u89c4\u5f8b\u201d\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u628a\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5177\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u3001\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u89c4\u5f8b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\uff0c\u628a\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5e8f\u5217\uff08Comparative Series\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u56fe\u7247\u91cc\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u201c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662fC.S.\u7f16\u53f7617\u548cC.S.\u7f16\u53f7615\u7684\u8282\u9009\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u81eaGuthrie1967:16\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u6761C.S.\u6db5\u76d6\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u5217\u8868\u89c1Guthrie1970a:167,168\uff09
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u628a\u8fd9\u56db\u6b65\u6574\u7406\u653e\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n <\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u6b65\u9aa41 \u51c6\u5907\u201c\u7b80\u5355\u6bd4\u8f83
\n\uff08simple comparison\uff09\u201d<\/td>\n		\u7528\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u610f\u601d\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u6574\u7406\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5355\u8bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u7279\u6b8a\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u539f\u4e66\u7ae0\u828221.43\u8d77\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6b65\u9aa42 \u67e5\u627e\u201c\u91cd\u73b0\u89c4\u5f8b
\n\uff08recurrent set of patterns\uff09<\/td>\n		\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u5e03\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6709\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u6574\u7406\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6574\u7406\u4e86CV\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548cVC\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u539f\u4e66\u7ae0\u828221.44\u8d77\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6b65\u9aa43 \u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u6574\u5408\u6bd4\u8f83
\n\uff08associated comparisons\uff09\u201d<\/td>\n		\u5c06\u201c\u91cd\u73b0\u89c4\u5f8b\u201d\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u8bed\u8a00\u91cc\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff08\u539f\u4e66\u7ae0\u828221.51\u8d77\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6b65\u9aa44 \u7cbe\u5316\u201c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5e8f\u5217
\n(comparative series)\u201d<\/td>\n		a\uff09\u5c06\u9002\u7528\u6027\u8f83\u5e7f\u3001\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u201c\u91cd\u73b0\u89c4\u5f8b\u201d\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u5bfb\u627e\u7528\u5177\u4f53\u542b\u4e49\u8fdb\u884c\u6574\u5408\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5e8f\u5217\u8868\u8fbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7279\u5b9a\u89c4\u5f8b\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u6b64\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u8be5\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u53d1\u97f3\uff09\uff08\u7ae0\u828222.01\u8d77\uff0c\u81ea17\u9875\u8d77\uff09\uff1b
\nb\uff09\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u53d1\u97f3\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u91cc\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\uff0817\uff09\uff1b
\nc\uff09\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u81f3\u5c11\u5305\u62ec\u4e09\u95e8\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u4e2a\u533a(zone)\u7684\u8bed\u8a00(18)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0cGuthrie\u8bf4\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5728\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u4f7f\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6492\u54c8\u62c9\u4ee5\u5357\u7684\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u5730\u533a\uff09\u4e00\u51712000\u591a\u6761\u201c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8bf4\u660e\u7740\u8fd92000\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u542b\u4e49\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u6216\u8bcd\u6839\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4e2a\u4f53\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u4f46\u5171\u7528\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u53d1\u97f3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53d1\u97f3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u8fd8\u6709\u89c4\u5f8b\u53ef\u5bfb\u3002\u52a0\u4e0aGuthrie\u81ea\u5df1\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\u4e92\u76f8\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\u3001\u5e76\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6392\u5916\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08interrelated C.S. forms a kind of closed system\uff09(19)\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u52c7\u6562\u5730\u7ed9\u8fd9\u68372000\u591a\u4e2a\u4e00\u6761\u4e00\u6761\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u4e32\u8d77\u4e86\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u53eb\u201c\u901a\u7528\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u201d\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u8fd9\u662f\uff08\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u80fd\u542c\u61c2\u7684\uff09\u901a\u7528\u8bed\uff08the common language\uff09(19)\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u5e73\u5fc3\u800c\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd92000\u591a\u6761\u201c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u542b\u4e49\u5462\uff1fGuthrie\u5177\u4f53\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u5176\u5b9e\u4ed6\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5e76\u4e0d\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6487\u5f00\u4ed6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6807\u8bb0\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u90ae\u653f\u7f16\u7801\u3001\u4e5f\u6682\u65f6\u4e0d\u770b\u4ed6\u6240\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u56fd\u9645\u97f3\u6807\uff0c2000\u591a\u6761\u201c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4ec5\u8003\u5bdf\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u8bcd\u6c47\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e92\u76f8\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5730\u57df\u95f4\u9694\u8f83\u8fd1\u7684\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5730\u57df\u95f4\u9694\u8f83\u8fdc\u7684\u4e5f\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/u><\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u672f\u79ef\u7d2f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u6bd4W. Bleek\u53d1\u73b0\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u3001C. Meinhof\u5c06\u5176\u6b63\u5f0f\u5b66\u672f\u5236\u5f0f\u5316\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u5c31\u66f4\u9ad8\u660e\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u5982\u4f55\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u91cf\u5316\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u7d27\u5bc6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0cGuthrie\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u505a\u51fa\u6bd4\u524d\u4eba\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7591\u70b9\u4e00\uff1a2000\u591a\u6761\u201c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5b9e<\/h2>\n

\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u5b66\u672f\u4f5c\u54c1\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u65cf\u91cc\u67092000\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u6216\u8bed\u6cd5\u5f62\u5f0f\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u95ee\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u8a00\uff0c\u66f4\u4f55\u51b5\u4ed6\u5b9e\u9645\u6536\u5f55\u7684\u201c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\u5176\u5b9e\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aGuthrie\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u9010\u6761\u89e3\u91ca\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8fd92283\u6761\u201c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u5355\u8bcd\u518c\u91cc\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u5927\u7ea6562\u4e2aps.\u6761\u76ee\uff08\u5373\u201c\u90e8\u5206\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u610f\u601d\u4e0d\u540c\u4f46\u6709\u5171\u7528\u5199\u6cd5\u4ed6\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u4ee5\u00bd\u7b26\u53f7\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u4e9b\u610f\u601d\u76f8\u540c\u3001\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u3001\u504f\u5dee\u53c8\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u540c\u4e49\u5f02\u4f53\u4ed6\u9644\u52a0\u4e86\u6807\u8bb0a\u3001b\u3001c\u6216\u8005x\u3001y\u3002\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0cGuthrie\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5e8f\u5217\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6742\u4e71\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u6211\u5f55\u5165\u7684\u8868\u683c\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\u67093225\u884c\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b49\u9010\u4e2a\u8003\u5bdf\u8fd92000\u591a\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u6240\u6307\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u5b9e\u8fd9\u4e24\u5343\u591a\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u6761\u771f\u6b63\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u8bed\u8a00\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6211\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u5185\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u6709\u516d\u79cd\u8bf4\u201c\u95e8\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5927\u8c61\u201d\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u3001\u5404\u6709\u4e03\u79cd\u8bf4\u201c\u68a6\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5634\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8bf4\u201c\u86cb\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u66f4\u662f\u6709\u5341\u79cd\u30022000\u591a\u6761\u201c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5e8f\u5217\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u73ed\u56fe\u901a\u7528\u8bed\u201d\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e25\u91cd\u6ce8\u6c34\u540e\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002
\n\u201d
\n\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u7591\u70b9\u4e8c\uff1a\u201c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u68c0\u7d22\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49<\/h2>\n

\u4ece\u7bc7\u5e45\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u300a\u6bd4\u8f83\u73ed\u56fe\u5b66\u300b\u4e1b\u4e66\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u4e3a\u201c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u901a\u7528\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u201d\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u641c\u7d22\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u518c\u548c\u7b2c\u56db\u518c\u90fd\u662f\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u5217\u51fa\u8fd92283\u6761\u201c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\u3002\u4f46Guthrie\u771f\u5c06\u6240\u8457\u300a\u6bd4\u8f83\u73ed\u56fe\u5b66\u300b\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u201c\u901a\u7528\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u201d\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u95e8\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\u662f\u6309\u7167Guthrie\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\u8fd9\u95e8\u201c\u901a\u7528\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u53d1\u97f3\u53bb\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5217\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\uff08\u5373C.S.1\uff09\u6536\u5f55\u7684\u662f*\u2011b\u00e1 “\u6cb9\u68d5\u6811\uff08oil-palm\uff09”\uff0c\u540d\u8bcd\u548c\u52a8\u8bcd\u90e8\u5206\u8bcd\u6761\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\uff08\u5373C.S.2183\uff09\u6536\u5f55\u7684\u662f*\u2011y\u00fa\u0327\u014bgu\u0327\u2011\u201c\u542c(hear)\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e86\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u8868\u91ccb\u548cy\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u901a\u7528\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u7684\u8bcd\u6839\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709a\u6216\u8005z\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u8bcd\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u5728\u6279\u8bc4\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u4e4b\u524d\u9700\u8981\u5148\u56de\u987e\u4e00\u4e0b\u201c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\u662f\u591a\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u56e0\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e2a\u542b\u4e49\u7684\u53d1\u97f3\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u89c4\u5f8b\u800c\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5355\u8bcd\uff08\u8bcd\u6839\uff09\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\uff08\u8bcd\u6839\uff09\u96c6\u5408\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u4e00\u95e8\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u53d1\u97f3\u6709\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u67d0\u4e00\u95e8\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63a8\u7406\u9636\u6bb5\uff09\u88ab\u5047\u8bbe\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u66fe\u7ecf\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u800c\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bed\u8a00\u6240\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\u76f4\u767d\u4e00\u70b9\u8bf4\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u52a0\u4e86\u661f\u53f7\uff08Guthrie\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3aStarred Forms\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f*\u2011b\u00e1\u548c*\u2011y\u00fa\u0327\u014bgu\u0327\u2011\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u62df\u6784\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u539f\u59cb\u97f3\u201d\u3002\u5728\u9009\u62e9*\u2011b\u00e1\u548c*\u2011y\u00fa\u0327\u014bgu\u0327\u2011\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7d22\u5f15\u6765\u5bf9\u5e94\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u91cc\u201c\u6cb9\u68d5\u6811\u201d\u548c\u201c\u542c\u201d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u70b9\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u65b9\u4fbf<\/strong>\u3002Guthrie\u7684\u539f\u6587\uff0c\u6563\u843d\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u91cc\uff0c\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n

… most desirable to have available a method of representing each C.S. [list of items from different languages but representing a same sense] by means of symbol…. but in practice it is preferable to use characters from the latin alphabet… The conventional mark adopted for this purpose is an asterisk, and the symbolic representations themselves are therefore termed \u2018starred forms\u2019 (19)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

It has already been pointed out that the symbols used for the construction of starred forms are in fact identical with some of the characters used to transcribe data from individual languages. There is no inherent reason why this should be done, apart from that of pure typographical convenience, since at this stage there is no question of any theory as to the shape of the probable source-items which may have been the ancestor of all the entries in a given C.S.. (43)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u5173\u4e8eGuthrie\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u88ab\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u8d1f\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u661f\u53f7\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u65f6\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u7bad\u5934\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u5e94\u73b0\u4ee3\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u89c4\u5f8b\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u5e94\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5f62\u6001\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u73b0\u4ee3\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u7ee7\u627f\uff08\u4ed6\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf4\u51fa\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5177\u4f53\u67d0\u4e2a\u5f62\u6001\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff09\uff0819\uff09\uff1b\u8fd8\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u661f\u53f7\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u8bd5\u7740\u7528\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u5e94\u524d\u8005\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u201c\u6570\u636e\u6574\u5408\u5f0f\u66ff\u6362\u201d\uff0c\u7528\u5927\u5199\u5bf9\u5e94\u5386\u53f2\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf4\u660e\u6e05\u695a\u539f\u56e0\uff0822\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7591\u70b9\u4e09\uff1aGuthrie\u7684\u533a\u5757\u6982\u5ff5\u592a\u5bb9\u6613\u8ba9\u4eba\u8bef\u89e3<\/h2>\n

\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u77e5\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5728500\u5230600\u95e8\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5728Guthrie\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ed6\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\u8d85\u8fc7300\u95e8\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u95e8\u8bed\u8a00\u6309\u716715\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\uff08zone\uff09(\u6ce8\uff1a1967\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u662f16\u4e2a\u533a\u5757)\u8fdb\u884c\u5212\u5206\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u786e\u5b9e\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5728\u4ea4\u6d41\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6307\u660e\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u9644\u5e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u7406\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff08A\u5728\u897f\u975e\u3001S\u5728\u5357\u975e\u3001E-G\u5728\u4e1c\u975e\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e76\u975e\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u666e\u901a\u8bfb\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\u4f1a\u8bef\u89e3\u5b57\u6bcd\u7f16\u53f7\u5373\u4ee3\u8868\u4eb2\u7f18\u6027\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e5f\u592a\u9ad8\u4e86\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u66f4\u9ebb\u70e6\u7684\u662f\uff0cGuthrie\u5728\u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u5185\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8fdb\u884c\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53c8\u628a\u4eb2\u7f18\u6027\u8f83\u8fd1\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u653e\u5165\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u201c\u7ec4Group\u201d\u91cc\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4ed6\u628aS\u533a\u5757\u91cc\u7684\u79d1\u8428\u8bed\uff08S.41\uff09\u3001\u7956\u9c81\u8bed(S.42)\u3001Swati\u8bed\uff08S.43\uff09\u3001Ndebele\u8bed(S.44)\u653e\u5165Nguni Group\u91cc\uff0c\u76f8\u4f3c\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u8fd8\u6709F.20\u7684Sukuma-Nyamwezi Group\u4ee5\u53caE.50 Kikuyu-Kamba Group\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u529e\u6cd5\u5f88\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\u5230\u5e95\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\uff08zone\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u5730\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u3001\u8fd8\u662f\u4eb2\u7f18\u4e0a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u8fd8\u4e0d\u662f\u9020\u6210\u5e72\u6270\u6700\u591a\u7684\u70b9\u3002Guthrie\u5e76\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u533a\u5757\uff08zone\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c55\u793a\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u628a15\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u4ee5\u51e0\u4e4e\u968f\u673a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u653e\u8fdb\u4e86\u516d\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u201cAreas\u201d\uff08\u897f\u5317\u533a\u57df\u3001\u4e1c\u5317\u533a\u57df\u3001\u4e2d\u897f\u533a\u57df\u3001\u4e2d\u4e1c\u533a\u57df\u3001\u897f\u5357\u533a\u57df\u3001\u4e1c\u5357\u533a\u57df\uff09\u91cc(82)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9bNW\u3001NE\u3001CW\u3001CE\u3001SW\u3001SE\u7684\u6807\u6ce8\u4e5f\u9891\u7e41\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u201c\u901a\u7528\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u201d\u7684\u8bcd\u6761\u540e\u9762\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u518d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u538b\u7f29\u533a\u57df\u6982\u5ff5\u5236\u4f5c\u4e86\u8bed\u8a00\u5e26”Belts”\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u897f\u5317+\u4e1c\u5317=\u5317\u90e8\u8bed\u8a00\u5e26\uff1b\u4e2d\u897f+\u4e2d\u4e1c=\u4e2d\u90e8\u8bed\u8a00\u5e26\uff1b\u897f\u5357+\u4e1c\u5357=\u5357\u90e8\u8bed\u8a00\u5e26\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u5e78\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u8bed\u8a00\u5e26\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u505a\u7684\u63a8\u5bfc\u5e76\u4e0d\u591a(82)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f52\u6839\u7ed3\u5e95\uff0c\u5728Guthrie\u521b\u9020\u201c\u533a\u5757\uff08Zone\uff09\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u8131\u79bb\u4e86\u5355\u4e00\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u501f\u7528\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u8ddd\u79bb\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b8c\u5584\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u533a\u5757\uff08Zone\uff09\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u8ba4\u201c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5728\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u627e\u5230\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u624d\u4f1a\u7ed9\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5e8f\u5217\u8bbe\u4e0b\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u91cc\u6709\u56de\u9988\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u89c1\u524d\u6587\u8868\u683c\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662fGuthrie\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u5929\u751f\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u6240\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5730\u7406\u9762\u79ef\u90fd\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u2014\u2014\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u79cd\u533a\u5757\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u8bed\u8a00\u4eb2\u7f18\u6027\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u8f83\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6709\u6587\u5386\u53f2\u51fa\u73b0\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u6c11\u65cf\u8fc1\u5f99\u53f2\u6765\u8bf4\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7591\u70b9\u56db\uff1a\u8f6c\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u7e41\u6742\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u573a\u666f\u4e0d\u6e05\uff0c\u4f5c\u54c1\u53d1\u5e03\u5f62\u5f0f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ffd\u6eaf<\/h2>\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u901a\u7528\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u201d\u7684\u53d1\u5e03\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u5bf9Guthrie\u81c6\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u95e8\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u4ee5\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u4e66\u5199\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u501f\u9274\u8fd9\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u65f6\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002\u6700\u5927\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u83ab\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5355\u4e00\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u786e\u8ba4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u67e5\u5230\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u901a\u7528\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u201d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6839\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bcd\u6839\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\uff08zone\uff09\u6216\u533a\u57df\uff08area\uff09\u91cc\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd0\u6c14\u597d\u7684\u8bdd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u5177\u4f53\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u540e\u4eba\u60f3\u8981\u63d0\u53d6\u51faGuthrie\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6863\u6848\u6574\u7406\u5230\u5e95\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u90a3\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u5c06\u975e\u5e38\u5de8\u5927\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0cGuthrie\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5957\u56db\u518c\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u8c08\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4ece\u4f55\u800c\u6765\u7684\uff08\u6ca1\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u4e66\u76ee\u90e8\u5206\uff09\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e13\u95e8\u8bba\u8ff0\u65e9\u5148\u5b66\u672f\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u63d0\u53ca\u4ee5\u5916\uff0cGuthrie\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u96f6\u661f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u63d0\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b57\u5178\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u4eba\uff08\u6bd4\u5982Guthrie1971:111\uff09\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u53ef\u80fd\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u518c\u7684\u524d\u8a00\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n

“this project would never have been completed without the generous research facilities made available to me by the School of Oriental and African Studies of the University of London, in the form both of research visits to Africa and of work with speakers of various Bantu languages in London. (Guthrie 1967:9)”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u4e00\u5957\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u8c03\u7814\u6709\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u3001\u8bf4\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u7ed9\u4e86\u4ed6\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u4eba\u6570\u4e0d\u53ef\u8003\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e0b\u4ed6\u90a3\u65f6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5904\u7406\u201c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e09\u767e\u95e8\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\u7684\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u7e41\u91cd\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u518c\u7684\u9644\u5f55\u91cc\u4ed6\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u4e00\u5171\u6709537\u95e8\uff0c\u622a\u56fe\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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\u672c\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff1a
\n\u25a0 Guthrie, Malcolm 1967. Comparative Bantu: An Introduction to the Comparative Linguistics and Prehistory of the Bantu languages. Volume 1: The Comparative Linguistics of the Bantu Languages. London: Gregg International.
\n\u25a0 Guthrie, Malcolm 1970a. Comparative Bantu: An Introduction to the Comparative Linguistics and Prehistory of the Bantu languages. Volume 3: A Catalogue of Common Bantu with Commentary. London: Gregg International.
\n\u25a0 Guthrie, Malcolm 1970b. Comparative Bantu: An Introduction to the Comparative Linguistics and Prehistory of the Bantu languages. Volume 4: A Catalogue of Common Bantu with Commentary. London: Gregg.
\n\u25a0 Guthrie, Malcolm 1971. Comparative Bantu: An Introduction to the Comparative Linguistics and Prehistory of the Bantu languages. Volume 2: Bantu Prehistory, Inventory and Indexes. London: Gregg.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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