{"id":2631,"date":"2021-07-10T15:08:00","date_gmt":"2021-07-10T13:08:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yellingstone.info\/?p=2631"},"modified":"2021-07-12T20:34:51","modified_gmt":"2021-07-12T18:34:51","slug":"%e4%bb%8e%e5%9f%ba%e5%ba%93%e5%b0%a4%e8%af%ad%e5%8a%a8%e8%af%8d%e4%b8%8d%e5%ae%9a%e5%bc%8f%e5%bc%80%e5%a7%8b%e8%b0%88%e8%b5%b7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/yellingstone.info\/?p=2631","title":{"rendered":"\u4ece\u57fa\u5e93\u5c24\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5f00\u59cb\u8c08\u8d77"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u90fd\u6709\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u201c\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u4e0d\u5b9a\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f62\u6001\u4e0d\u542b\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u79f0\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u542b\u65f6\u6001\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u82f1\u8bed\u91cc\u7684to go\uff0c\u6cd5\u8bed\u91cc\u7684aller\uff0c\u5fb7\u8bed\u91cc\u7684gehen\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5176\u5b9e\u53ea\u662f\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u601d\u7ef4\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u5f15\u7533\uff0c\u5373\u52a8\u8bcd\u672c\u8eab\u5927\u6982\u7387\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u5165\u4eba\u79f0\u548c\u65f6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5927\u591a\u6570\u65f6\u5019\u4eba\u79f0\u548c\u65f6\u6001\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u5c48\u6298\u53d8\u5f62\u6cd5\u6765\u8fbe\u6210\u3002\u4f46\u50cf\u4e2d\u6587\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u5b66\u5b64\u7acb\u8bed\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8bcd\u5185\u53d8\u5f62\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u6765\u6307\u793a\u4eba\u79f0\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u65f6\u95f4\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u4e0d\u7ba1\u600e\u4e48\u8bf4\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\uff08Infinitive\uff09\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f62\u6001\u548c\u67e5\u5b57\u5178\u65f6\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u6761\u76ee\uff08Citation Form\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u89c4\u5f8b\u53ef\u5faa\u603b\u662f\u597d\u4e8b\u3002\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u7684\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5176\u5b9e\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u62df\u6784\u51fa\u662fku-\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u56e0\u4e3a\u672c\u8eab\u4ece\u53e5\u6cd5\u4e0a\u6765\u770b\u5730\u4f4d\u4e5f\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\u201d\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u88ab\u5217\u5165\u5f88\u6709\u540d\u7684\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u540d\u8bcd\u7ec4\u4e2d\uff08\u88ab\u5217\u4e3a\u7b2c15\u7ec4\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f88\u96be\u627e\u3002\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u5b66\u8005\u7c73\u5c24\u68ee\uff08A.&nbsp;E.&nbsp;Meeussen\uff091967\u5e74\u65f6\u5728\u300a\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u8bed\u6cd5\u62df\u6784\uff08Bantu Grammatical Reconstruction\uff09\u300b<sup><a href=\"#footnote_0_2631\" id=\"identifier_0_2631\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"https:\/\/www.persee.fr\/doc\/aflin_2033-8732_1967_num_3_1_873\">1<\/a><\/sup>\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5c31\u662fku-\uff1a<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/yellingstone.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Meeussen1967BantuNcl.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2659\" src=\"http:\/\/yellingstone.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Meeussen1967BantuNcl.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"536\" height=\"580\" srcset=\"http:\/\/yellingstone.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Meeussen1967BantuNcl.png 536w, http:\/\/yellingstone.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Meeussen1967BantuNcl-277x300.png 277w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 536px) 100vw, 536px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u57fa\u5e93\u5c24\u8bed\u7684\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662fku-\u548ck\u0169-\u4ee5\u53ca\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684gu-\u548cg\u0169-\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5143\u97f3u\u548c\u0169\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53d1\u97f3\u5206\u522b\u4e3a[u]\u548c[o]\uff0c\u4e1c\u975e\u5f53\u5730\u901a\u7528\u8bed\u65af\u74e6\u5e0c\u91cc\u8bed\u7684\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\u5728\u6559\u5b66\u65f6\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aku-\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53d1\u97f3\u4e3a[ku]\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u57fa\u5e93\u5c24\u8bed\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u6709ku-\u3001k\u0169-\u3001gu-\u3001g\u0169-\u8fd9\u56db\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<h4>\u57fa\u5e93\u5c24\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u91cck\u548cg\u7684\u5dee\u522b<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u8f85\u97f3\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u57fa\u5e93\u5c24\u8bed\u91cc\u53ea\u8981k\u7684\u540e\u65b9\u51fa\u73b0k, th, c, t\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u8f85\u97f3\uff0c\u5219\u6700\u521d\u7684k\u4f1a\u6d4a\u5316\u4e3ag\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u8bba\u8ff0\u91cc\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f85\u97f3\u6d4a\u5316\u89c4\u5219\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u5730\u6309\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8bba\u8ff0\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6cd5\u5219\uff08Dahl&#8217;s Law\uff09\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u662f\u57fa\u5e93\u5c24\u8bed\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u540d\u5b57Kikuyu\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u62fc\u5199\u6210Gikuyu\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u57fa\u5e93\u5c24\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u65f6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"50%\">g\u0169-<font color=\"red\">k<\/font>ena \u201c\u5f00\u5fc3\u201d<\/p>\n<p>g\u0169-<font color=\"red\">th<\/font>ooma \u201c\u8bfb\u201d<\/p>\n<p>g\u0169-<font color=\"red\">c<\/font>ooka \u201c\u56de\u201d<\/p>\n<p>g\u0169-<font color=\"red\">t<\/font>eng&#8217;era \u201c\u8dd1\u201d<\/td>\n<td>k\u0169-<font color=\"blue\">r<\/font>uga \u201c\u505a\u996d\u201d<\/p>\n<p>k\u0169<sup><a href=\"#footnote_1_2631\" id=\"identifier_1_2631\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"\u5982\u0169\u540e\u9762\u7d27\u8ddf\u7740\u0169\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5143\u97f3\u65f6\uff0c\u73b0\u884c\u6b63\u5b57\u6cd5\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u662fw\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5k\u0169-ina\u4f1a\u62fc\u5199\u4e3akwina\">2<\/a><\/sup>-i<font color=\"blue\">n<\/font>a \u201c\u5531\u6b4c\u201d<\/p>\n<p>k\u0169<sup><a href=\"#footnote_2_2631\" id=\"identifier_2_2631\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"\u5982\u0169\u540e\u9762\u7d27\u8ddf\u7740\u0169\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5143\u97f3\u65f6\uff0c\u73b0\u884c\u6b63\u5b57\u6cd5\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u662fw\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5k\u0169-enda\u4f1a\u62fc\u5199\u4e3akwenda\">3<\/a><\/sup>-e<font color=\"blue\">nd<\/font>a \u201c\u559c\u6b22\u201d<\/p>\n<p>k\u0169-<font color=\"blue\">g<\/font>eria \u201c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u57fa\u5e93\u5c24\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u91ccu\u548c\u0169\u7684\u5dee\u522b<\/h4>\n<p>\u5143\u97f3\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u6bd4\u8f83\u96be\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u5728Bennett\u7b49\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u57fa\u5e93\u5c24\u8bed\u6559\u6750\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f88\u7b3c\u7edf\u5730\u628a\u5f88\u591a\u4e0e\u5143\u97f3\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u97f3\u97f5\u5b66\u73b0\u8c61\u653e\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u201c\u5143\u97f3\u5408\u5e76\uff08Vowel Coalescence\uff09\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u5f53\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u97f3\u4e3a\u0129\u3001a\u548c\u0169\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5143\u97f3\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u5f20\uff1a<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_2642\" style=\"width: 562px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/yellingstone.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Benette1985_VCoalescence.png\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2642\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2642\" src=\"http:\/\/yellingstone.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Benette1985_VCoalescence.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"552\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"http:\/\/yellingstone.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Benette1985_VCoalescence.png 552w, http:\/\/yellingstone.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Benette1985_VCoalescence-300x209.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 552px) 100vw, 552px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-2642\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\uff08Bennette&amp;1985c: 28\uff09\u6ce8\u610f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u7528&lt;y&gt;\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u73b0\u5728\u7684&lt;\u0129&gt;\uff0c\u7528&lt;w&gt;\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u73b0\u5728\u7684&lt;\u0169&gt;\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u8868\u683c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u987e\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u5143\u97f3\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u4e00\u4e9b\u6e90\u5934\u98ce\u9a6c\u725b\u4e0d\u76f8\u53ca\u7684\u97f3\u97f5\u5b66\u73b0\u8c61\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u91cc\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5374\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u7528\u201c\u7279\u4f8b\u201d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u6765\u6253\u8865\u4e01\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u8fd9\u5e45\u56fe\u91cc\uff0c\u0129\u3001a\u3001\u0169\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u97f3\u4e0e\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u97f3\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a\u6539\u53d8\u6700\u5927\u7684a\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u8fc1\u5c31\u4e8e\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u97f3\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u4e4b\u5927\u751a\u81f3\u672c\u8eab\u53d8\u6210\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5143\u97f3\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u540e\u65b9\u51fa\u73b0[\u0254]\u548c[o]\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff09\uff1b\u0129\u548c\u0169\u4e0e\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5143\u97f3\u4e92\u52a8\u60c5\u51b5\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u5168\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c48\u4ece\u4e8e\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5143\u97f3\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u538c\u6076\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u52a0\u5927\u4e0e\u4e4b\u540e\u5143\u97f3\u7684\u5dee\u522b\uff08\u89c1\u540e\u6587\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u524d\u6587\u8bf4\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u8868\u683c\u4f1a\u6709\u6253\u8865\u4e01\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e5f\u786e\u5b9e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u66f4\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0cBennett\u7b49\uff081985\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7279\u4f8b\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u90fd\u4e0e\u0169\/u\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1a<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u25a0 \u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0fk\u0169\u540e\u9762\u51fa\u73b0\u53cd\u8eab\u8bcd\u7d20\u65f6<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u25a0 \u540d\u8bcd\u7ec4\u0169\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bbe\u8bed\u65f6<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u25a0 \u8868\u793a\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u8bcd\u7d20-\u0169o<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u25a0 \u5143\u97f3u\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u8bcd\u5e72<\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u91ca\u5b8c\u4e86\u57fa\u5e93\u5c24\u8bed\u7684\u5143\u97f3\u0169\u548cu\u7684\u97f3\u97f5\u5b66\u53d8\u5f62\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u91ccu\u548c\u0169\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u3001\u4ee5\u53caku-\u3001k\u0169-\u3001gu-\u548cg\u0169-\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u53d6\u820d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c<span style=\"color: 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<u>\u5f53\u51fa\u73b0{k\u0169-u&#8230;}\u7684\u8bcd\u7d20\u7ec4\u5408\u65f6<\/u>\uff0c\u0169\u88ab\u8ddf\u968f\u7684u\u6240\u5f71\u54cd\u7ec4\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u957f\u5143\u97f3\u7684[uu]\uff0c\u4f8b\u5b50\u662fku-una \u201c\u5207\u5f00\u201d\u3001ku-uga \u201c\u8bf4\u201d \u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u73b0\u4efb\u4f55u\u5f00\u5934\u5e76\u4e14\u63a5\u7740\u8f85\u97f3\u662fk, th, c, t\u56db\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u8bcd\u5e72\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6ca1\u6709gu-u&#8230;\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<br \/>\n\u25a0 <u>\u5f53\u51fa\u73b0{k\u0169-o&#8230;}\u7684\u8bcd\u7d20\u7ec4\u5408\u65f6<\/u>\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u524d\u540e\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u53d1\u97f3[o]\u548c[\u0254]\u8fc7\u4e8e\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u53d1\u97f3\u592a\u8fdc\u79bb[o]~[u]\u7684\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86[u\u0254]\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5b50\u662fku-oya \u201c\u62ff\u8d77\u201d\u3001ku-ongerera 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class=\"footnote\">\u5982\u0169\u540e\u9762\u7d27\u8ddf\u7740\u0169\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5143\u97f3\u65f6\uff0c\u73b0\u884c\u6b63\u5b57\u6cd5\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u662fw\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5k\u0169-enda\u4f1a\u62fc\u5199\u4e3akwenda<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\"> [<a href=\"#identifier_2_2631\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u90fd\u6709\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u201c\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u4e0d\u5b9a\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f62\u6001\u4e0d\u542b\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u79f0\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u542b\u65f6\u6001\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u82f1\u8bed\u91cc\u7684to 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