{"id":3081,"date":"2021-10-30T19:45:00","date_gmt":"2021-10-30T17:45:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yellingstone.info\/?p=3081"},"modified":"2021-11-03T18:27:56","modified_gmt":"2021-11-03T17:27:56","slug":"%e5%9f%ba%e5%ba%93%e5%b0%a4%e8%af%ad%e4%b8%bb%e8%af%ad%e5%89%8d%e7%bc%80%e7%89%b9%e5%88%ab%e6%98%af%e6%88%91%e7%9a%84%e7%bc%a9%e5%90%88%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%8b%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/yellingstone.info\/?p=3081","title":{"rendered":"\u57fa\u5e93\u5c24\u8bed\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u8bf4\u201c\u6211\u201d\uff08\u4e0b\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e0a\u6587\uff1a\u57fa\u5e93\u5c24\u8bed\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u8bf4\u201c\u6211\u201d\uff08\u4e0a\uff09<\/a>
\n <\/p>\n

4. \u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0\u4e3b\u8bed\u524d\u7f00\u7d27\u8ddf\u7740\u5bbe\u8bed\u524d\u7f00<\/h3>\n

\u57fa\u5e93\u5c24\u8bed\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e3b\u5e72\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u8fc7\u4e86\uff0c\u9664\u53bb\u7126\u70b9\u8bcd\u7d20\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u7b80\u8981\u6765\u8bf4\u662f<\/p>\n

\u4e3b\u8bed- (\u65f6\u60011<\/sub>)\u2013(\u5bbe\u8bed)-\u52a8\u8bcd\u8bcd\u57fa-\u65f6\u60012<\/sub><\/b><\/center><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u65f6\u60011<\/sub>\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8bcd\u7d20\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8bed\u524d\u7f00\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u548c\u5bbe\u8bed\u524d\u7f00\u6216\u52a8\u8bcd\u8bcd\u57fa\u53bb\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u5f53\u201c\u6211\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u7d27\u8ddf\u7740\u5bbe\u8bed\u524d\u7f00\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u6709\u4e00\u6761\u94c1\u5219\uff0c\u5373\u5bbe\u8bed\u524d\u7f00\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4f1a\u963b\u9694\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u8bed\u524d\u7f00\u201c\u6211\u201d\u4e0e\u5bbe\u8bed\u524d\u7f00\u7684\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u65f6\u201c\u6211\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u524d\u7f00\u4f1a\u4ee5nd\u0129\u7684\u6837\u8c8c\u5b58\u5728<\/b>\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4f8b\u53e5\uff0812\uff09\u91cc\u3002
\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\n(12)<\/td>\nN\u0129 nd\u0129moonire<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{n\u0129 nd\u0129-m\u0169-on-ire}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u6211\u4e4b\u524d\u770b\u5230\u8fc7\u4ed6\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u7279\u4f8b\u662f\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bbe\u8bed\u524d\u7f00\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570\u7684\u201c\u4f60\u201d\u65f6\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f-k\u0169-\uff0c\u878d\u5408\u8fd8\u662f\u4f9d\u65e7\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2ang\u0169-\u7684\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u89c1\u4f8b\u53e5\uff0814\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u4e2a\u97f3\u97f5\u5b66\u7684\u53d8\u5f62\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f62\u6001\u5b66\u7684\u7f18\u7531\u66f4\u6df1\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u540c\u5f62\u4e3a-k\u0169-\u7684\u7b2c15\u7ec4\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u524d\u7f00\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u9075\u5faa\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u94c1\u5219\uff0c\u5373\u878d\u5408\u4f1a\u88ab\u963b\u9694\u3002\u5728\u672c\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u4e0a\u7bc7\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u518d\u91cd\u65b0\u8d34\u4e00\u4e0b\u4f8b\u53e5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\n(9)(13)<\/td>\n[Pretext: g\u0169t\u0169] nd\u0129k\u0169rore<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{nd\u0129-k\u0169-ror-e}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u8ba9\u6211\u770b\u770b\uff08\u8033\u6735\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(10)(14)<\/td>\nng\u0169rore<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-k\u0169-ror-e}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u8ba9\u6211\u770b\u770b\u4f60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

5. \u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0\u4e3b\u8bed\u524d\u7f00\u7d27\u8ddf\u7740\u52a8\u8bcd\u8bcd\u5e72<\/h3>\n

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\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u73b0\u52a8\u8bcd\u8bcd\u5e72\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u97f3\u8282\u7684\u9f3b\u97f3\u6027\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u52a8\u8bcd\u8bcd\u5e72\u91cc-C1<\/sub>V1<\/sub>C2<\/sub>V2<\/sub>\u91ccC2<\/sub>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff09\u4f1a\u8de8\u97f3\u8282\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u524d\u65b9\u4e3b\u8bed\u524d\u7f00\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u661f\u5dde\u7684Patrick R. Bennett\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06r\u5f00\u5934\uff0cg\u5f00\u5934\u548c\u5143\u97f3\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u8bcd\u5e72\u7565\u5e26\u5fae\u620f\u8c11\u5730\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u51cc\u4e71\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\uff08the messy ones\uff09\u201d(Bennett et al. 1985c:45)\u30022015\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u83b1\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u7684Robert Englebretch\u7ec4\u7ec7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u672c\u57fa\u5e93\u5c24\u8bed\u7684\u7b80\u8981\u8bed\u6cd5\u624b\u518c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u751fAna\u00ed Navarro\u5728\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u97f3\u97f5\u5b66\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u9f3b\u97f3\u8de8\u97f3\u8282\u5f71\u54cd\u66f4\u524d\u65b9\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0\u4e3b\u8bed\u524d\u7f00\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u66f4\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u5217\u4e3e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5979\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u5230\u4e86\u540e\u65b9\u8bcd\u7d20\u662f\u5143\u97f3\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u5c55\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u7efc\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5c06\u52a8\u8bcd\u8bcd\u5e72\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u5373\uff08A\uff09\u4e0er\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8f85\u97f3\u7c7b\u522b<\/u>\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u5206\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u97f3\u8282\u8f85\u97f3\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u9f3b\u97f3\u8fd9\u4e24\u5217\uff09\uff08B\uff09\u8f85\u97f3\u5438\u6536\u7684\u7c7b\u522b<\/u>\uff08\u6ce8\uff1aN\u4f1a\u88ab\u540e\u65b9\u52a8\u8bcd\u8bcd\u5e72\u5b8c\u5168\u5438\u6536\u6389\uff09\uff0c\uff08C\uff09\u8f85\u97f3\u6d4a\u97f3\u878d\u5408\u7684\u7c7b\u522b<\/u>\uff08\u6ce8\uff1aN\u4f1a\u548c\u540e\u65b9\u52a8\u8bcd\u8bcd\u5e72\u7684\u8f85\u97f3\u878d\u5408\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u9f3b\u97f3\u5316\u7684\u8f85\u97f3\uff09\uff0c\u548c\uff08D\uff09\u5143\u97f3\u7684\u7c7b\u522b<\/u>\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u4e0er\u76f8\u5173\u8f85\u97f3\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a\u5143\u97f3\uff09\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u642d\u914d\u6587\u540e\u7684\u8868\u5355\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u7f16\u53f7\u53c2\u89c1\u9644\u4e0a\u7684\u6863\u6848\u3002\u5728\u5236\u4f5c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u91cc\u6211\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6807\u6ce8\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662fBennett\u7b49\u4eba\uff081985\uff09\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u672c\u8eab\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5927\u5bb6\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u8a00\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5dee\u5f02\u662fN+roN<\/b>\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0cN\uff08\u524d\u9762\u90a3\u4e2a\uff09\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u628ar\u5438\u6536\u6389\u6216\u8005\u88abr\u5438\u6536\u6389\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u4f8b(-ronyoka)\u91cc\u540e\u65b9\u7684\u9f3b\u97f3\u5728\u5f62\u6001\u5b66\u4e92\u52a8\u65f6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9f3b\u97f3\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5e38\u7528\u8bcd\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u66f4\u8001\u65e7\u7684\u53d8\u5f62\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u65b9\u8a00\u7684\u53d8\u5f62\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fee\u6b63\u7684\u662f\u8f85\u97f3b\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u8bcd\u5e72\uff0cBennett et al. 1985\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5982\u679cN\u540e\u65b9\u51fa\u73b0b\uff08\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53d1\u97f3\u63a5\u8fd1f\u6216v\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u8f85\u97f3b\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53d1\u97f3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u9f3b\u97f3\u5316\u6210mb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u5e93\u5c24\u8bed\u539f\u751f\u7684\u7279\u6709\u53d8\u5f621<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u800c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5916\u6765\u8bcd\u6bd4\u5982-budithia\uff08\u8bcd\u6e90\u65af\u74e6\u5e0c\u91cc\u8bed\u7684-fundisha\uff09\u5219\u53d8\u5f62\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f1a\u5c06\u524d\u65b9\u7684N\u5438\u6536\u6389\uff0c\u4ecd\u65e7\u4fdd\u6301\u5355\u72ec\u7684b\u7684\u53d1\u97f3\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6211\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cc\uff0cb\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u57fa\u5e93\u5c24\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u8bcd\u5e72\u8bcd\u6e90\u4e0d\u5c11\u90fd\u662f\u5916\u6765\u8bed\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982-buuta\u201c\u89e3\u96c7\u67d0\u4eba\u201d\u548c-banga\u201c\u5b89\u6392\u67d0\u4eba\u201d\u5206\u522b\u6765\u81ea\u65af\u74e6\u5e0c\u91cc\u8bed\u7684-futa\u548c-panga\uff0c-baina\u201c\u7f5a\u94b1\u201d\u6765\u81ea\u82f1\u8bed\u7684to fine\u3002\u4e0d\u5c11\u5b57\u5178\u91cc\u5217\u51fa\u6765\u7684b\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u8bcd\u5e72\u5f88\u591a\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fc7\u4e8e\u8001\u65e7\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u6bd4\u5982-baaca\u201c\u7ed9\u5ba2\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u201d\u6216\u8005-babata\u201c\u6390\u3001\u634f\u4eba\u7684\u8033\u6735\u201d\u3002\u4ecd\u65e7\u4f7f\u7528\u5e76\u4e14\u4e5f\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u8bcd\u5e72\u4e5f\u6709\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982-baara\u201c\u4ed4\u7ec6\u770b\uff0c\u6ce8\u91ca\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u52a8\u8bcd\u91cc\u6709\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u65b9\u8a00\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982Kiambu\u7684\u65b9\u8a00\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u770b\u7740\u6211\u201d\u786e\u5b9e\u5982Bennett et al. 1985\u548cMugane 1997\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u662f\u201cMbaara!\u201d\u4f46\u662f\u5728Nyeri\u7684\u65b9\u8a00\u91cc\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u9f3b\u97f3\u5316\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f9d\u65e7\u548c\u539f\u6765\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u8bcd\u5e72-baara\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u53d8\u5f62\u4e4b\u524dNyeri\u65b9\u8a00\u91cc-baara\u4e2d\u7684b\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u8fd1\u56fd\u9645\u97f3\u6807\u91cc[v]\u7684\u97f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
(A)\u4e0er\u76f8\u5173\u8f85\u97f3\u7c7b\u522b<\/b><\/td>\n{N-ra}<\/td>\nnda\/naN<\/td>\n(15)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n{N-ru}<\/td>\nndu\/nuN<\/td>\n(16)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n{N-r\u0169}<\/td>\nnd\u0169\/n\u0169N<\/td>\n(17)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n{N-re}<\/td>\nnde\/neN<\/td>\n(18)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n{N-ri}<\/td>\nndi\/niN<\/td>\n(19)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n{N-r\u0129}<\/td>\nnd\u0129\/n\u0129N<\/td>\n(20)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
  |- A\u3001B\u517c\u6709\u7684\u7279\u4f8b<\/b><\/td>\n{N-ro}<\/td>\nndo\/roN<\/td>\n(21)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(B)\u8f85\u97f3\u5438\u6536\u7684\u7c7b\u522b<\/b><\/td>\n{N-n}<\/td>\nn<\/td>\n(22)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n{N-ny}<\/td>\nny<\/td>\n(23)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n{N-ng’}<\/td>\nng’<\/td>\n(24)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n{N-m}<\/td>\nm<\/td>\n(25)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n{N-th}<\/td>\nth<\/td>\n(26)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n{N-h}<\/td>\nh<\/td>\n(27)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n{N-nd}<\/strike><\/td>\nNIL<\/strike><\/td>\nNIL<\/strike><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n{N-mb}<\/strike><\/td>\nNIL<\/strike><\/td>\nNIL<\/strike><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
  |- B\u3001C\u517c\u6709\u7684\u7279\u4f8b<\/b><\/td>\n{N-b}<\/td>\n(m)b<\/td>\n(28)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(C)\u8f85\u97f3\u6d4a\u97f3\u878d\u5408\u7684\u7c7b\u522b<\/b><\/td>\n{N-c}<\/td>\nnj<\/td>\n(29)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n{N-t}<\/td>\nnd<\/td>\n(30)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n{N-k}<\/td>\nng<\/td>\n(31)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n{N-g}<\/td>\nng\/ng’VN<\/td>\n(32)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(D)\u5143\u97f3\u7684\u7c7b\u522b<\/b><\/td>\n{N-a}<\/td>\nnja\/nyaN<\/td>\n(33)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n{N-o}<\/td>\nnjo\/nyoN<\/td>\n(34)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n{N-u}<\/td>\nnju\/nyuN<\/td>\n(35)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n{N-\u0169}<\/td>\nnj\u0169\/ny\u0169N<\/td>\n(36)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n{N-e}<\/td>\nnje\/nyeN<\/td>\n(37)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n{N-i}<\/td>\nnji\/nyiN<\/td>\n(38)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n{N-\u0129}<\/td>\nnj\u0129((\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u73b0\u4efb\u4f55\u0129\u5f00\u5934\u4f46\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u97f3\u8282\u662f\u9f3b\u97f3\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u8bcd\u5e72\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u0129\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8868\u8fbe\u53cd\u8eab\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u524d\u7f00\u4f7f\u7528\u5ea6\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8))<\/td>\n(39)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u8bed\u6599\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\n(15a)<\/td>\nN\u0129 ndath\u0129\u0129te<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{n\u0129 N-rath-\u0129\u0129te}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nI have [ever] shot (Bennett1985c:32)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n
<\/td>\n(15b)<\/td>\nndatha<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-ratha}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nShoot me<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(15c)<\/td>\nNdarame<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-raram-e}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nshall I roar [?] (Mugane1997:20)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(15d)<\/td>\nReke naange!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{reke N-raNG-e}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nLet me trample upon (something).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(15e)<\/td>\nReke name Wambui nju\u0129r\u0129<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{reke N-raMe Wambui nju\u0129r\u0129}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nLet me plait Wambui\u2019s hairs!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(16a)<\/td>\nN\u0129 ndug\u0129\u0129te nyama<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{n\u0129 N-rug-\u0129\u0129te nyama}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nI have cooked meat.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(16b)<\/td>\nnunumia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-ruMia[INITx2]}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nmake me sound (Mugane1997:21)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(17a)<\/td>\nN\u0129 nd\u0169\u0169g\u0129\u0129te.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{n\u0129 N-r\u0169\u0169g-\u0129\u0129te}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nI have jumped. (Bennett&1985c:32)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(17b)<\/td>\nNonga!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-roNGa}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nCorrect me<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(17c)<\/td>\nk\u0169\u0169n\u0169ma<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{k\u0169-N-r\u0169Ma}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[to] bite me (Bennett&1985c:46)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(18a)<\/td>\nN\u0129 ndegeete.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{n\u0129 N-reg-\u0129\u0129te}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nI have refused. (Bennett1985:32)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(18b)<\/td>\nnema<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-reMa}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\ndefeat me (Mugane1997:19)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(19a)<\/td>\nReke ndikie!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{reke N-riki-e}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nLet me dip in (something)!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(19b)<\/td>\nN\u0129 ning\u0129\u0129te.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{n\u0129 N-riNG-\u0129\u0129te}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nI have hit (Bennett1985c:32)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(20a)<\/td>\nn\u0129 nd\u0129aga<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{n\u0129 N-r\u0129-aga}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nI eat (Navarro2015:16)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(20b)<\/td>\nN\u0129 n\u0129m\u0129\u0129te.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{n\u0129 N-r\u0129m-\u0129\u0129te}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nI have cultivated (Bennett1985c:32)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(20c)<\/td>\nn\u0129n\u0129mb\u0169ra<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-r\u0129MB\u0169ra[INITx2]}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\ninflame me up (Mugane1997:20)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(21a)<\/td>\nNdora<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-ror-a}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nLook at me!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(21b)<\/td>\nk\u0169ndora<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{k\u0169-N-rora}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[to] look at me (Bennett&1985c:46)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(21c)<\/td>\nReke ronje<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{reke N-roNJe}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nLet me burble!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(21d)<\/td>\nRongora! \/ N\u0169ngora!2<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-r\u0169[\/o]NGora}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nCurse me!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(21e)<\/td>\nReke rongore \/ n\u0169ngore!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{reke N-roNGor-e}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nLet me curse!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(21f)<\/td>\nNdonyoke?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-ronyok-e}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nMay I slip away?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(22a)<\/td>\nn\u0129 nogeete<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{n\u0129 N-nog-\u0129\u0129te}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nI am tired (Bennett&1985a:221)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(22b)<\/td>\nk\u0169\u0169nogia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{k\u0169-N-nogia}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[to] tire me (Bennett&1985c:44)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(23a)<\/td>\nN\u0129 nyuire thubu wa mah\u0129nd\u0129<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{n\u0129 N-nyu-ire thubu wa mah\u0129nd\u0129}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nI drank bone soup. (Bennett&1985c:44)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(23b)<\/td>\nk\u0169\u0169nyiita<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{k\u0169-N-nyiita}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[to] catch me (Bennett&1985c:44)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(24a)<\/td>\nk\u0169ng\u2019\u0169r\u0129kia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{k\u0169-N-ng\u2019\u0169r\u0129kia}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[to] annoy me (Bennett&1985c:44)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(24b)<\/td>\nReke ng\u2019\u0169r\u0129kie Kamau!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{reke N-ng\u2019\u0169riki-e Kamau}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nLet me annoy Kamau!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(24c)<\/td>\nNg\u2019ang\u2019ita!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-ng\u2019aNG\u2019ita}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nBite me!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(25)<\/td>\nk\u0169\u0169mena<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{k\u0169-N-meNa}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[to] hate me (Bennett&1985c:44)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(26a)<\/td>\nReke thi\u0129<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{reke N-thi\u0129}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nlet me go!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(26b)<\/td>\ng\u0169\u0169theka<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{k\u0169-N-theka}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[to] laugh at me (Bennett&1985c:44)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(26c)<\/td>\nThoomaga thukuru ya and\u0169 agima.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-thoom-aga thukuru ya and\u0169 agima}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nI study at the University. (Bennett&1985c:257)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(27a)<\/td>\nk\u0169\u0169hitha<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{k\u0169-N-hitha}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[to] hide me (Bennett&1985c:44)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(27b)<\/td>\nhe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-he}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\ngive me (Bennett&1985a:201)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(27c)<\/td>\nno thi\u0129 aakorwo n\u0129 \u0169k\u0169\u0169he mbar\u0129ki<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{no N-thi\u0129 aakorwo n\u0129 \u0169-k\u0169\u0169-N-he mbar\u0129ki}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nI\u2019ll go if you give me castor seed (Bennett&1985a:309)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(28a)<\/td>\nbaina<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-baina}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nFine me!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(28b)<\/td>\nReke buute Kamau!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{reke N-buut-e Kamau}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nLet me fire Kamau!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(28c)<\/td>\nk\u0169\u0169bundithia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{k\u0169-N-bundithia}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[to] teach me (Bennett&1985c:47)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(28d)<\/td>\nReke bange Kamau<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{reke N-bang-e Kamau}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nLet me arrange Kamau for something<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(28e)<\/td>\nk\u0169mbaara (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{k\u0169-N-baara}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nlook at me (Bennett&1985c:45)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(28f)<\/td>\nm[b]aina3<\/a><\/sup> (?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-baina}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nfine me (Mugane1997:19)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(29a)<\/td>\nk\u0169njiara<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{k\u0169-N-ciara}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\ngave [\/to give] birth to me (Bennett&1985c:45)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(29b)<\/td>\nNj\u0169na!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-c\u0169na}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nlick me (Mugane1997:20)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(29c)<\/td>\nNjurie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-curi-e}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nDo I hang in the sun?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(29d)<\/td>\nReke njame!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{reke N-cam-e}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nLet me have a taste!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(30a)<\/td>\nNd\u0169\u0169raga Naikuru<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-t\u0169\u0169r-aga Naikuru}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nI live in Naikuru (Bennett&1985c:267)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(30b)<\/td>\nndema<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-tema}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\ncut me (Mugane1997:20)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(30c)<\/td>\nk\u0169nd\u0169ma<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{k\u0169-N-t\u0169ma}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[to] send me (Bennett&1985:45)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(30d)<\/td>\nReke ndare!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{reke N-tar-e}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nLet me count!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(31a)<\/td>\nngome<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-kom-e}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nshall I sleep [?] (Mugane1997:20)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(31b)<\/td>\nk\u0169nginya<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{k\u0169-N-kinya}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[to] step on me (Bennett&1985c:45)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(31c)<\/td>\nNgarie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-kari-e}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nLet me to crush with teeth?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(31d)<\/td>\nReke ngaanie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{reke N-kaani-e}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nLet me forbid (this)!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(31e)<\/td>\nk\u0169ngeithia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{k\u0169-N-geithia}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[to] greet me (Bennett&1985c:45)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(32a)<\/td>\nng\u0169rane<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-g\u0169rane}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nshall I marry (Mugane1997:20)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(32b)<\/td>\nNgure k\u0129nd\u0169!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-gur-e k\u0129nd\u0169}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nMay I buy something?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(32c)<\/td>\nng\u2019aandia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-gaNDia}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nnumb me (Mugane1997:19)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(32d)<\/td>\nk\u0169\u0169ng\u2019una<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{k\u0169-N-guNa}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[to] benefit me (Bennett&1985c:45)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(32e)<\/td>\nng’ung’unyaria<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-g\u0169NYaria(INITx2)}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nshrivel me up (Mugane1997:21)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(32f)<\/td>\nng\u2019andie Kamau?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-gaNDi-e Kamau}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nShould me numb Kamau?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(33a)<\/td>\nReke njathe!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{reke N-ath-e}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nLet me rule!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(33b)<\/td>\nReke ng\u0169athe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{reke N-k\u0169-ath-e}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nLet me rule you!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(33c)<\/td>\nReke nyanie!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{reke N-aNi-e}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nLet me cry!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(34a)<\/td>\nnyuunjuge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-uNJug-e}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nI stir [?] (Mugane1997:20)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(34b)<\/td>\nn\u0129 nyumaga<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{n\u0129 N-uM-aga}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nI get out (Navarro2015:17)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(34c)<\/td>\nnyuna<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-uNa}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nbreak me (Mugane1997:20)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(34d)<\/td>\nnyuumb\u0169ra<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-uMB\u0169ra}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nreveal me (Mugane1997:20)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(34e)<\/td>\nReke njuge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{reke N-ug-e}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nLet me say!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(34f)<\/td>\nReke njuhe!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{reke N-uh-e}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nLet me woo with words!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(34g)<\/td>\n[Kiambu dialect] Ndoimire kuo iyo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{Nd\u0129-aa-um-ire kuo iyo}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nI left there the day before yesterday (Bennett&1985c:259)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(34h)<\/td>\n[Nyeri dialect] Ndaumire kuo iyo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{Nd\u0129-aa-um-ire kuo iyo}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nI left there the day before yesterday<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(35a)<\/td>\nn\u0129 nj\u0169\u0169\u0129 at\u0129 w\u0129 g\u0129tonga<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{n\u0129 N-\u0169\u0129 at\u0129 w\u0129 g\u0129tonga}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nI know that you are rich (Bennett&1985c:244)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(35b)<\/td>\nn\u0129 nj\u0169r\u0129\u0129te<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{n\u0129 N-\u0169r-\u0129\u0129te}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nI have run away (Bennett&c:1985:34)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(35c)<\/td>\nk\u0169nj\u0169raga<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{k\u0169-N-\u0169raga}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[to] kill me (Bennett&1985c:48)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(35d)<\/td>\nm\u0169tikaanj\u0169rage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{m\u0169-ti-kaa-N-\u0169rag-e}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\ndon\u2019t kill me (Bennett&1985a:201)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(35e)<\/td>\nk\u0169nj\u0169\u0169ria<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{k\u0169-N-\u0169ria}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[to] ask me (Bennett&1985c:48)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(35f)<\/td>\nReke ny\u0169me!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{reke N-\u0169M-e}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nLet me dry!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(36a)<\/td>\n\u00ce\u0129, n\u0129 nyendeete \u0169rutani m\u0169no.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{\u0129\u0129, n\u0129 N-end-\u0129\u0129te \u0169rutani m\u0169no}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nYes, I like teaching very much (Bennett&1985c:267)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(36b)<\/td>\nn\u0129 nyendaga nyama nduge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{n\u0129 N-eND-aga nyama nduge}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nI like cooked meat (Bennett&1985a:323)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(36c)<\/td>\nnyeenda<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-enda}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nlove me (Mugane1997:20)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(36d)<\/td>\nReke njehute!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{reke N-ehut-e}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nLet me go away!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(37a)<\/td>\nn\u0129 njikar\u0129\u0129te [th\u0129]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{n\u0129 N-ikar-\u0129\u0129te [th\u0129]}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nI have sat down (Bennett&1985a:293)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(37b)<\/td>\nn\u0129 nyinaga<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{n\u0129 N-iN-aga}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nI sing (Navarro2015:17)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(38a)<\/td>\nNj\u0129ke at\u0129a?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-\u0129k-e at\u0129a}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nWhat am I to do? (Bennett1985c:236)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(38b)<\/td>\nr\u0129r\u0129a nj\u0129r\u0129g\u0129\u0129te, \u2026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{r\u0129r\u0129a N-\u0129r\u0129g-\u0129\u0129te}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nWhen I was there last, \u2026 (Bennett&1985c:269)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(38c)<\/td>\nk\u0169nj\u0129ta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{k\u0169-N-\u0129ta}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[to] call me (Bennett&1985c:46)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(38d)<\/td>\nk\u0169nj\u0129\u0129ra<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{k\u0169-N-\u0129ra}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[to] call me (Bennett&1985c:48)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(39a)<\/td>\nn\u0129 njoreete<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{n\u0129 N-or-\u0129\u0129te}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nI am rotten (Bennett&1985c:34)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(39b)<\/td>\nnjoe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-oy-e}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nI should take (Bennett&1985c:35)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(39c)<\/td>\nn\u0129 njoire<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{n\u0129 N-oy-ire}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nI took (Bennett&1985:35)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(39d)<\/td>\nn\u0129 nyoneete<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{n\u0129 N-oN-\u0129\u0129te}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nI have seen (Bennett&1985c:167)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(39e)<\/td>\nn\u0129 nyonaga<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{n\u0129 N-oNa-aga}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nI see (Navarro2015:17)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(39f)<\/td>\nn\u0129 nyonire Kamau<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{n\u0129 N-oN-ire Kamau}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nI saw Kamau (Bennett&1985c:183)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(39g)<\/td>\nk\u0169\u0169nyona<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{k\u0169-N-oNa}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nsee me (Bennett&1985c:45)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(39h)<\/td>\nkw\u0129yona<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{k\u0169-\u0129-ona}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nsee oneself (Bennett&1985c:36)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(39i)<\/td>\nnyona<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n{N-oNa}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nsee me (Mugane1997:20)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
  1. \u8fd9\u79cd\u4e3e\u4f8b\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u4e4b\u540e\u5199\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e66\u7684Mugane\uff081970\uff09 [↩<\/a>]<\/span><\/li>
  2. \u52a8\u8bcd\u8bcd\u5e72-r\u0169ngora\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u5143\u97f3\u0169\u7684\u97f3\u4f4d\u5e76\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u539f\u578b\u662f-rongora\u7684\u4eba\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9Rongora!\u8fd9\u4e00\u547d\u4ee4\u53e5\u7684\u8868\u8fbe [↩<\/a>]<\/span><\/li>
  3. Mugane1997:19\u62fc\u5199\u4e3amaina\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62fc\u5199\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5e94\u4e3ambaina [↩<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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